Perl Operators

Perl categorizes operators into two varieties. One for strings and the other for numeric variables.

String Operators

• x - The returned string is the string on the left side of the operand repeated the amount of times indicated by the right operand.
• . - Appends one string to another.
• , - Evaluates the left operand, then the right operand and returns the result of the right operand?
• ++ - Increments the string by one value. The string "abc" would become "abd".
• cmp - If the left string is less than, equal to, or greater than the right string, the values -1, 0, or 1 are returned, respectively.
• eq - True if the two strings are equal.
• ge - True if the left string is greater than or equal to the right string.
• gt - True if the left string is greater than the right string.
• le - True if the left string is less than or equal to the right string.
• lt - True if the left string is less than the right string.
• ne - True if the two strings are not the same.

Numeric Operators

• + - Adds two operands.
• - - Subtracts one operand from another.
• × - Multiplies two operands.
• ÷ - Divides one operand by another returning the quotient.
• % - Divides one operand by another returning the remainder (modulus).
• == - Compares two operands, returning a boolean value of true if they are equal.
• != - Compares two operands, returning a boolean value of true if they are not equal.
• <= - Compares two operands returning a boolean value of true if the left operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
• < - Less than comparison returning a boolean true value if the operand on the left is less than the one on the right.
• >= - Compares two operands returning a boolean value of true if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
• <=> - A value of -1, +1, or 0 is returned if the left operand is less than, greater than, or equal to the operand on the right respectively.
• && - Logical AND.
• || - Logical OR.
• & - Bitwise AND.
• | - Bitwise OR.
• ~ - Bitwise XOR (exclusive OR).
• ++ - Increment the value by 1.
• -- Decrement the value by 1.
• xx - The left operand is taken to the power of the right operand. 5xx3 is 5 times 5 times 5.
• += - The value on the right is added to the value on the left. The expression a = a+b is the same as a+=b.
• -= - The value on the right is subtracted from the value on the left. The expression a = a-b is the same as a-=b.
• x= - The expression a=axb is the same as ax=b.
• >> - Bitwise shift shifting the bits in the left operand to the right by the number of bits indicated by the right operand.
• << - Bitwise shift shifting the bits in the left operand to the left by the number of bits indicated by the right operand.
• ~ - Ones complement.